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Federal Rules of Evidence

2023 Edition

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Article IX – Authentication and Identification

Article IX – Authentication and Identification

Rule 901. Authenticating or Identifying Evidence
Rule 902. Evidence That Is Self-Authenticating
Rule 903. Subscribing Witness’s Testimony

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Table of Contents
Article I – General Provisions
Article II – Judicial Notice
Article III – Presumptions in Civil Cases
Article IV – Relevance and its Limits
Article V – Privileges
Article VI – Witnesses
Article VII – Opinions and Expert Testimony
Article VIII – Hearsay
Article IX – Authentication and Identification
Article X – Contents of Writings, Recordings, and Photographs
Article XI – Miscellaneous Rules

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Table of Contents
Rule 803 – Exceptions to the Rule Against Hearsay–Regardless of Whether the Declarant Is Available as a Witness
Article VIII – Hearsay
Article IV – Relevance and its Limits
Rule 408 – Compromise Offers and Negotiations
Rule 609 – Impeachment by Evidence of a Criminal Conviction
Rule 404 – Character Evidence; Other Crimes, Wrongs or Acts
Article VI – Witnesses
Rule 801- Definitions That Apply to This Article; Exclusions from Hearsay

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